Focus: This is a tough item for many. To focus means to draw attention to the topic, or to place emphasis on it. How?
One way is to make sure that the thesis statement and topic sentences have subjects which are about the topic and clearly state a purpose. For instance, assume that the topic is how to make brownies. You need a thesis statement:
"I really like brownies, and I will tell you how to make them."
This is an unfocused thesis. The subject of the sentence is "I" rather than
"brownies." The focus, then, is on the writer rather than on the topic.
"Brownies are a delicious treat and can be made in five easy steps."
Now we have something to work with. The subject is "brownies" and the reader knows what can be expected from the paper. Finish the paragraph with material to make the reader want to read on.
A rule of thumb.
In expository writing, stay away from first and second person pronouns. Focus is often lost by placing emphasis on the writer or reader.Support.
Ellen is the best candidate for the job!
This statement may be true. However, there is no reason for a reader to believe it, as it lacks support. The same goes for any statement which is not a simple statement of well known fact.
"Kentucky has blue grass."
Those who have been to Kentucky know that Kentucky bluegrass is the grass of choice, but it isn't a true blue color. While this statement is factual, it needs support.
"While the grass is known as blue grass, it is actually green with a hint of blue in it. The hills of Kentucky roll for miles, with horse park and fields which display the lush color of the state's grass."
Any statement which the reader is expected to believe should be supported with evidence.
A rule of thumb.
No paragraph should have fewer than three or four sentences. Each should have a topic sentence, which states the purpose of the sentence, and two or three sentences which provide evidence.
Clarity. There is no more important element in writing than clarity. If a piece cannot be understood, it is of no value.
Some thoughts:
If given the choice of a fancy word or a simple one, choose the simple one.
Vary sentence structures. Use a mixture of short, medium and long sentences.
Write in active voice. Avoid using passive voice.
Use action verbs. Minimize the use of linking verbs.
